Poverty, material and spiritual


This memoir/sociological analysis came out last summer, but Bob Moyer finds that it’s just as relevant now as it was during the thick of the presidential campaign.

Reviewed by Robert P. Moyer

HILLBILLY ELEGY. By J.D. Vance. Harper. 261 pages. $27.99.

elegyAccording to J.D. Vance, you may be a hillbilly if you do the following during a marital conflict:

Never speak at a reasonable volume when screaming will do; if the fight gets a little too intense, it’s okay to slap and punch, so long as the man doesn’t hit first; always express your feelings in a way that’s insulting and hurtful to your partner; if all else fails, take the kids and the dog to a local motel, and don’t tell your spouse where to find you — if she or he knows where the children are, he or she won’t worry as much and you departure won’t be as effective.”

Vance has produced a remarkably poignant portrait of that Scots-Irish-Appalachian group known as hillbillies. He intends, he says, to portray the “spiritual and material poverty” that affects this oft-maligned, oft-ridiculed segment of the population, and why that condition remains chronic. With vivid detail, he describes how this “ancient family structure from the hills” did not thrive in the suburban setting they found themselves in when they made the journey up Route 23 from Kentucky to Ohio.

That’s where Vance hails from. Born in Kentucky, raised in Ohio, he knows whereof he speaks. Growing up in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio, he experienced that much-studied milieu of single-parent homes and economic segregation that Middletown became. He also graduated from Yale Law School, and he brings a fierce, unsentimental ability to conflate his observations and experience with the many studies that have come down. In other words, he walks the walk and talks the talk with authority.

One of the problems he tackles throughout the book is the “…reasons poor people aren’t working as much as others.”

Although he give some credence to the observation that factories around the country “…are going out of business and (the workers’) skill sets don’t fit well in the modern economy,” he lays part of the fault on the hillbilly himself.

He cites the culture brought from the hills, in which a man doesn’t do “women’s work.” In this model, it is not clear what work, if any, is acceptable to a man. Vance recounts the warehouse where he worked in high school with a constant flux of workers who simply didn’t want to work that hard. In other words, “…many folks talk about working more than they actually work.”

Vance blends personal experience into the cycle of lost opportunities in Middletown, as people can rise neither above nor out of poverty. He catalogues drug abuse, his mother being driven away in the back of a cop car, frequent moves just within the community, and the penchant on the part of a hillbilly to go from “…zero to murderous in a f*#@ing heartbeat.” Up against that negative force, he came out with an optimism which he credits to his own “god#@*n terminator,” his grandma. Not only did she provide him the succor that kept him going, as well as kept him from harm, but she also provides a few unintended moments of humor. In order to keep him away from a certain unsavory character, she threatens to run the kid over if she ever catches Vance with him again:  “No one would ever find out,’ she whispered menacingly.” Both she and his grandfather were part of the “…loving handful of people” who rescued him.

That’s it. No panaceas, no pronouncements, no prescriptions, just a clearly wrought conclusion with no fanfare. Vance makes clear that love and a stable place to live enabled his “escape.”  Without sounding the least academic, he has produced a most profound sociological study of the dysfunction of the American working force, and the vicious cycle of poverty that makes it nigh onto impossible for people like him to escape it.

He’s proud that he escaped it, but, to his credit, he’s also proud to be a hillbilly. That pride manifests itself in the deeply empathetic but pointedly accurate portrait that has put this book at the top of the best-seller list.

 


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